Charles II, king of Spain from 1665 to 1700 and the last monarch of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty. Read biographical notes and explore the historical context.On the basis of agreements concluded with his powerful brother Emperor Charles V, Ferdinand I was assigned the...Maximilian II stands out among the otherwise strictly Catholic Habsburgs: he was sympathetic to Protestantism – a...Ferdinand was a belligerent and ruthless monarch: as ruler over Inner Austria he relentlessly implemented the re-...Religious schisms convulse Western Christianity and change European society profoundly.











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His mother and illegitimate half brother’s feud led to political turmoil and arranged marriages for the young, sick king.





The main land in this portfolio of territories was Styria. Habsburgs including Joseph I, Charles I of Spain, Leopold Wilhelm and Charles II were known for having a very prominent lower jaw.

The classic form of representing these relationships is the genealogical table or family tree.Collected themes - browse stories and anecdotes from the history of the Habsburg Monarchy.Choose from various themes to access and explore the history of the Habsburg Monarchy, for example ‘work’, ‘love’ or ‘death’.Journey through the different epochs of Habsburg history from the Middle Ages to the First World War.All the members of the Habsburg dynasty.

Analysis cookies are used only with your consent and exclusively for statistical purposes. From 1554, when Charles was fourteen years old, his father Ferdinand decided that his inheritance would be divided up between his sons.







Charles’s reign opened with a 10-year regency under the queen mother, during which the government was preoccupied with combatting the ambitions of the French king Louis XIV in the Low Countries and By the time Charles II was born in 1661, his genome was equivalent to that of a child born to direct siblings.

Was Charles II the worst affected? The Estates exploited the law governing the authorization of taxes, which lay in their hands, to influence their sovereign, as the laws of the time did not permit the ruler simply to levy taxes without the permission and organizational support of the Estates.The second area of conflict was the Reformation, which constituted a political as well as religious problem.

Born in 1661, King Charles II of Spain was the last Habsburg ruler of the country.

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As a result of Charles’ inbreeding, he was severely deformed.

King Charles II of Spain by Juan Carreño de Miranda .



In the Austrian lands the majority of the population leaned towards Protestantism.

Charles II became King of Spain at the age of three, after his father […]






Basically, their children had all married their cousins, who had all married their cousins (or someone of a close relation).

Although this king was granted the right to run a large and powerful kingdom, he is remembered as an infirm ruler, thanks to his many health disabilities and his poor intellect.

He was the youngest of three surviving sons.

The inbreeding coefficient of the Spanish Habsburg kings increased strongly along generations from 0.025 for king Philip I, the founder of the dynasty, to 0.254 for Charles II and several members of the dynasty had inbreeding coefficients higher than 0.20.

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Under the influence of his devoutly Catholic wife he later increasingly identified with the aims of the Catholic Counter Reformation, now growing in reach and strength.At first a solid basis for the renewal of the Church’s power had to be established, as the situation within the Catholic clergy was catastrophic.



The other territories were Carinthia and Carniola together with the regions of Gorizia and parts of Istria and Friuli as well as the Adriatic ports of Charles assumed the regency after the death of his father in 1564.

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Länder und Untertanen des Hauses Habsburg im konfessionellen Zeitalter (= Österreichische Geschichte 1522–1699, hg.

You can also find further information in our data protection declaration. By the time Charles came along, he was more inbred than if his parents had been brother and sister.

Charles’s own policies as ruler of Inner Austria veered between compromise and confrontation.Anonymous artist (monogram ‘LPum’): Archduke Charles II (1540-1590) with a view of Graz, oil painting, 1569Graz in 1594, reproduction of the print by Georg Pehaim in: *The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Words and Pictures*: volume onFrom 1554, when Charles was fourteen years old, his father Ferdinand decided that his inheritance would be divided up between his sons. The classic form of representing these relationships is the genealogical table or family tree.Collected themes - browse stories and anecdotes from the history of the Habsburg Monarchy.Choose from various themes to access and explore the history of the Habsburg Monarchy, for example ‘work’, ‘love’ or ‘death’.Journey through the different epochs of Habsburg history from the Middle Ages to the First World War.All the members of the Habsburg dynasty.